Chapter 8: Internal Structure and forces that create landforms

Dear Gentlemen,

Below are the videos I showed in class today to better let you visualize and know what are geographical concepts and ideas of this chapter. Do look through the videos again as revision and get a better understanding of the many new geographical concepts introduced.

Video on the Internal Structure of the Earth

Video on the Early Earth (The idea of supercontinent Pangaea, Laurasia and Gondwandaland)

Video on the concept of Plate Tectonics Theory, Continental Drift, plate boundaries(constructive & destructive) and the different internal forces (Push, Pull and Slide)

How convection currents work in the Continental Drift Theory (To cause plates to push, pull and slide with each other)

Eruption of Kilauea Volcano (In Hawaii, which is mentioned in the "How volcanoes form" video above, where hotspots were introduced and that volcanoes at hotspots form due to the loose rocks rising up from the core to the crust)

Remember to label the different plates on your notes and also know where fold mountains can be found on the world map!

Chapter 8: Will Krakatoa rock the world again?

Dear Gentlemen,

Especially for Class 1-5, I told you all about Krakatoa found in Indonesia and how it's explosiveness could be heard as far as Perth in Australia, also added that the amount of TNT/power that Krakatoa 13,000 times the power of the bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima! This eruption caused change in weather where average global temperatures following the eruption fell by as much as 1.2 C, as the huge quantities of sulphur dioxide pumped into the atmosphere resulted in clouds that reflected a greater amount of incoming light from the sun. Also of course, destruction to not only humans but also the physical environment.

Just last year, there were speculation of Krakatoa stirring and threatening to erupt again. See excerpts of the online UK daily news and the pictures of Krakatoa taken from there.

Ominous glow: In 1883, more than 36,0000 people died when Krakatoa erupted - today, thousands more farmers live near the volcano

Risk: The smoking time-bomb is located on the Sunda Strait, between Java and Sumatra

Ticking timebomb: Islanders thought they had avoided another disaster after things went quiet in 2008

Firestorm: In an awesome display of flaming lava and molten ash, Anak Krakatoa - the child of Krakatoa - reveals its latent power. In recent years, eruptions have steadily grown in intensity

Devil’s cauldron: Krakatoa’s eruptions draw in violent thunderstorms, adding to the air of menace

All photos from website,CLICK HERE FOR FULL ARTICLE