Chapter 8: Vulcanicity and the landforms

Dear Gentlemen,

Below are the videos I went through with you (Class 1-9), Class 1-5, you can look through it as you read the textbook and do your notes.

How Volcanoes are formed (Vulcanicity)

The video above talks about how volcanoes form and this process of Vulcanicity is a very important geographical concept that you must know for Chapter 8. The video also talks about the Pacific Ring of Fire which is found in the Pacific Ocean area, please note that you must know how to highlight where the Pacific Ring of Fire is.

The next video below is about the different types of volcanoes that can be found, this is added knowledge that is not talked about in your textbook. The analogy I gave in Class 1-9 is honey and milk. Honey and milk are both liquids, but Honey is much thicker than milk. I gave the example in class that if I was to pour out honey and milk on the tables, which will flow faster, if you have eaten both liquids, your answer should be milk will faster. As such, since milk can flow faster, this would also mean that milk can go over a larger surface area on the table as compared to milk.

You all know that when magma reaches the Earth's surface, it becomes lava and it cools down when on the Earth's surface and hardens. So if milk can reach over a larger surface on the table, this would also mean that the surface area for it to be in contact with cooler air would be larger, so it will cool down much faster as compared to honey.

Different volcanoes are made up of different materials and magma that comes up to the earth's surface, some lava may be very thick or some very thin, so eventually it will form different kind of volcanoes. Read the notes on the Volcanoes, below there are the different types of volcanoes introduced, you will not be tested but it is for you general knowledge.

Remember for all that I have gone through, you must know the

1) the difference between magma and lava

2) where the most volcanic activity occurs (plate boundaries)

3) how does an eruption occur

4) different crustal plates, how to identify and label them.

5) The different internal processes that happen (PULL, PUSH, SLIDE)

6) The resultant landforms due to the internal processes

7) To draw and label a basic cross section of a volcano

8) How volcanoes are formed (To be able to describe)

9) The location of the Pacific Ring of Fire

Don't leave it to last minute to finish your work, do it NOW, and so that you can enjoy at the later parts of your holidays.

Cheers,

Miss Zheng